
Rock Climbing History is enticing. Since man first met the rock, there have been rock climbers. This sounds simplistic but it is the truth! Rock climbing has been a necessity for people traversing mountainous regions throughout history.
Ancient civilizations have lived and built their homes on or in cliffs and rock ledges as a form of protection. There is pictorial evidence of men climbing rocks in Chinese watercolors from 400 B.C.
Rock climbing techniques have been employed by several conquering armies throughout history to not only traverse mountainous regions to invade areas, but also to siege castles and other fortresses and breach the walls and defenses of these structures.
In rock climbing history we see techniques were also used to gather food in medieval times; there are numerous reports of climbers (with the aid of just a length of rope if they were lucky) whose job it was to collect sea bird eggs from English cliff faces to sell as food.
Rock climbing as a sport rather than as a means of getting from A to B has existed since the late 1800’s.
The Victorian era is well known as a period in time when nature and the study and exploration of the natural world was extremely fashionable.
This interest lead to rock climbing taking off as a sport in its own right during this period. Prior to the 1880’s rock climbing was perceived as being a component of mountaineering and not a standalone sport.
Walter Parry Haskett Smith was a solo climber who completed the first ascent of the Napes Needle in the late 1880’s and this climb is traditionally seen as the birth of rock climbing as a sport.
This climb was extremely well publicized at the time and as a result of this publicity over 60 climbers at a time would meet to climb this natural peak.
Emilio Comici is regarded by many as the father of modern rock climbing. He was a climber in the 1930’s and was the inventor of many climbing aids such as the solid belays, hanging bivouacs and the use of the trail/tag line. Comici is famed as being the originator of big wall climbing and the techniques involved.
The general public (those people outside of the sports of both mountaineering and rock climbing) still thought of rock climbing as a component of mountain climbing and not a separate sport for many years to come. Looking back at rock climbing history, it was not until the 1950’s that the general public began to perceive rock climbing as being a sport of its own.
Up until the 1950’s, rock climbing was perceived as having two functions. It was seen as a component of mountain climbing and as a necessary part of traversing some mountains, a means of obtaining the summit.
Rock climbing was also seen as a training activity- a way for mountain climbers to achieve fitness and hone their skills for the “real” challenge of mountain climbing!